General Science & Math

Sponge-like fossil could be Earth’s earliest known animal

Fossil discovered in northwestern Canada could rewrite the early history of animal life — but some palaeontologists are not convinced it’s real.

Most major groups of animals — including arthropods, molluscs and worms — first appear in the fossil record during the Cambrian explosion, 541 million years ago. But according to a paper published today in Nature1, sponge fossils from northwestern Canada could be 350 million years older, significantly pushing back the date of Earth’s earliest-known animals.

The ancient discovery is igniting debate among palaeontologists, who have long contested when complex animal life first evolved.

“If I’m right, animals emerged long, long before the first appearance of traditional animal fossils,” says study author Elizabeth Turner, a sedimentary geologist at Laurentian University in Sudbury, Canada. “That would mean there’s a deep back history of animals that just didn’t get preserved very well.”

https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-02066-9

https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02066-9

Excavation of a giant Ant Hill

Swimming sea cucumber, Enypniastes eximia, the "Headless Chicken Monster"

Murmuration

Ever heard about «swarm intelligence»?

Murmuration is the kind of swarm intelligence which starlings manifest.

In a great article by George F. Young and his colleagues:

GF, Y., S. L, C. A, G. I and L. NE (2013). "Starling Flock Networks Manage Uncertainty in Consensus at Low Cost." PLoS Comput Biol 9(1).

they explain that during murmuration starlings pay attention to their seven closest neighbors: when uncertainty in sensing is present, interacting with six or seven neighbors optimizes the balance between group cohesiveness and individual effort.

GoPro Gets Engulfed By Lava, Somehow Survives

Tour guide Erik Storm accidentally dropped his GoPro near a lava flow from Kilauea Volcano in Hawaii, then later hammered the hardened rock away from it and discovered that the SD card was intact. The result is this incredible footage.

(Video by Erik Storm of Kilauea EcoGuides: Website: http://www.kilaueaecoguides.com)

ISS passes over Hurricane Irma - 06. September 2017

The extremely dangerous Hurricane Irma has already (09. September 2017) killed at least ten people in the Caribbean. With wind speeds of up to 300 kilometers per hour, the whirlwind has been approaching the US state of Florida since Thursday. Now NASA has published a video showing the huge hurricane from the perspective of the International Space Station (ISS). The images were captured by the space cameras of the space station. In the spectacular video you can see directly into the infernal eye of the most dangerous storm of all time. On the storm scale, Irma ranks with the highest level of 5.

One Million Digits of Pi - http://www.numberphile.com

Statistics and the Explosion of Information

The Venice Time Machine

How Wolves Change Rivers

When wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in the United States after being absent nearly 70 years, the most remarkable "trophic cascade" occurred. What is a trophic cascade and how exactly do wolves change rivers? George Monbiot explains in this movie remix.

"When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe." - John Muir

Is a kilogram a kilogram?

Recall my reference to the book about the half-life of facts under the link "Gary's Tips"!

Achtung: Just because things behave the same way doesn't necessarily mean that they have anything to do with each other!

Cornell University Library

Open access to 739,631 e-prints in Physics, Mathematics, Computer Science, Quantitative Biology, Quantitative Finance and Statistics in the Cornell University Library:

www.arxiv.org

Random Numbers

What's this fuss about true randomness? Perhaps you have wondered how predictable machines like computers can generate randomness. In reality, most random numbers used in computer programs are pseudo-random, which means they are generated in a predictable fashion using a mathematical formula. This is fine for many purposes, but it may not be random in the way you expect if you're used to dice rolls and lottery drawings. RANDOM.ORG offers true random numbers to anyone on the Internet. The randomness comes from atmospheric noise, which for many purposes is better than the pseudo-random number algorithms typically used in computer programs. People use RANDOM.ORG for holding drawings, lotteries and sweepstakes, to drive online games, for scientific applications and for art and music. The service has existed since 1998 and was built by Dr Mads Haahr of the School of Computer Science and Statistics at Trinity College, Dublin in Ireland. Today, RANDOM.ORG is operated by Randomness and Integrity Services Ltd. As of today, RANDOM.ORG has generated 1.83 trillion random bits for the Internet community.

www.random.org

Why leaky pipes can be better for moving water

Researchers have taken inspiration from trees and developed a system for moving water around that depends on capillary action and surface tension. They 3D printed tiny open-faced cells that can expose a large surface area of water to the surrounding gas - which could be useful for things like cooling or gas exchange systems.

Read the full paper.

doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01822-1

 
 (Nature Video 01 July 2021)